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Sumer and Babylon · Etana epic; King List ('Etana, who ascended to heaven')

Etana flies on an eagle

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ReferenceEtana epic; King List ('Etana, who ascended to heaven')
Writtenc. 1800 BCE, later copies to 600s BCE
SetFirst king of Kish after the Flood
Etana needs the plant of birth and rides an eagle up toward Anu's heaven. At each stage the eagle tells him to look down: the land shrinks to a hill, the sea to a pond, then to a garden ditch, then he cannot see it at all. Frightened, he falls.

Summary by the editors. Translation: Summary in my own words

Read it literally

The oldest description of seeing Earth get smaller as you climb. Written 3,700 years before anyone could see it.

What scholars say

The ending is lost.

Quick answers about Etana epic

Where is Etana epic found?

Etana epic; King List ('Etana, who ascended to heaven') (Sumer and Babylon). Translation quoted: Summary in my own words.

When was Etana epic written?

c. 1800 BCE, later copies to 600s BCE.

What do scholars say about Etana epic?

The ending is lost.

Sources

  1. The Sumerian King List, trans. Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL t.2.1.1), University of OxfordPrimary text

Scholarly dates are rounded. The wording follows the named public-domain translation.

Updated