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The Story Stops Mid-Sentence

Illustration

Zeus calls the gods together to decide how to punish Atlantis, and just as he starts to speak, the text ends.

The moment before Atlantis is judged; the dialogue was written about 360 BCE

What the text says

Zeus, the god of gods, who rules according to law, and is able to see into such things, perceiving that an honourable race was in a woeful plight, and wanting to inflict punishment on them, that they might be chastened and improve, collected all the gods into their most holy habitation

Critias 121b-c

And when he had called them together, he spake as follows

Critias 121c

and has the very great advantage of being a fact and not a fiction?

Timaeus 26e

The story

Back on the island, before the war and the sinking, the gods are watching. Zeus, king of the gods, sees that the once noble kings of Atlantis have gone bad. He wants to punish them, but in a way that might teach them to be better.

He calls all the gods to his home at the centre of the universe, from where everything can be seen. They gather. Zeus begins to speak.

And there the story ends. We never hear what Zeus said, how the war was fought in detail, or how the gods chose the earthquake and the flood. The Critias stops in the middle of a sentence.

Earlier, in the Timaeus, Socrates had praised the tale for being 'a fact and not a fiction'. Plato does not say why he never finished it.

What we actually know

Nobody knows for sure why the Critias is unfinished. Plutarch wrote that Plato started the Atlantis work late and died before he finished it. Ever since, people have tried to find Atlantis; one of the most famous was Ignatius Donnelly, whose 1882 book argued it was real, an idea that modern scholars reject. Jowett, who translated these texts, thought Atlantis existed only 'in the imagination of Plato'.

Sources for this chapter

  1. Plato's CritiasA dialogue Plato wrote soon after the Timaeus, around 360 BC, describing Atlantis, its ring-shaped harbors and its kings, and the gods' decision to punish it. Plato left it unfinished; every copy breaks off mid-sentence. Most scholars think Plato made up Atlantis to make a point.Plato, Critias, translated by Benjamin Jowett (Project Gutenberg ebook 1571), hosted in the Credible Theories Library
  2. Plato's TimaeusA dialogue written by the Greek philosopher Plato in Athens around 360 BC. It opens with the story of Atlantis, said to come from Egyptian priests by way of the Athenian lawmaker Solon, then explains how the world was made. It is the oldest source for Atlantis; no earlier writer mentions it.Plato, Timaeus, translated by Benjamin Jowett (Project Gutenberg ebook 1572), hosted in the Credible Theories Library
  3. Plutarch's LivesLife stories of famous Greeks and Romans written by Plutarch, a Greek writer and priest at Delphi, around AD 100 to 120. They are full of personal detail and anecdotes, not all of them checked. Bernadotte Perrin's English version came out from 1914.Plutarch, Life of Solon 26 and 31 to 32, translated by Bernadotte Perrin (Loeb, 1914), LacusCurtius
  4. WikipediaA free online encyclopedia written and edited by volunteers. It is a good starting point and usually lists its own sources, but anyone can change it, so we treat it as a guide to better sources, not the final word.Wikipedia, 'Critias (dialogue)'
  5. Atlantis: The Antediluvian World (1882)An 1882 book by Ignatius Donnelly, an American congressman and writer, arguing that Plato's Atlantis was real and the source of all ancient civilizations. It was hugely popular and shaped most later Atlantis theories, but scholars reject its claims.Ignatius Donnelly, Atlantis: The Antediluvian World (1882), Project Gutenberg ebook 4032
  6. WikipediaWikipedia, 'Atlantis' Archived copy, 2026-10-03
  7. Plato's TimaeusBenjamin Jowett, Introduction to the Timaeus (1892), in the same Library file: 'The tale of Atlantis is the fabric of a vision' and 'there is no such legend in any writer previous to Plato'

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